Chapter 1: An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages
EXERCISES
1. Mark
the following statements as true or false.
a. The
first device known to carry out calculations was the Pascaline.
b. Modern-day
computers can accept spoken-word instructions but cannot imitate human
reasoning.
c. In
ASCII coding, every character is coded as a sequence of 8 bits.
d. A compiler translates a high-level program into assembly
language.
e. The arithmetic operations are performed inside CPU, and if an
error is found, it outputs the logical errors.
f. A sequence of 0s and 1s is called a decimal code.
g. A linker links and loads the object code from main memory into
the CPU
for execution.
h. Development of a C++ program includes six steps.
i. A program written in a high-level programming language is called
a source program.
j. ZB stands for zero byte.
k. The first step in the problem-solving process is to analyze the
problem.
l. In object-oriented design, a program is a collection of
interacting functions.
Questions
2. Name
two input devices.
3. Name
two output devices.
4. Why
is secondary storage needed?
5. What
is the function of an operating system?
6. What
are the two types of programs?
7. What
are the differences between machine languages and high-level languages?
8. What
is a source program?
9. Why
do you need a compiler?
10. What
kind of errors are reported by a compiler?
11. Why
do you need to translate a program written in a high-level language into
machine language?
12. Why
would you prefer to write a program in a high-level language rather than a
machine language?
13. What
is linking?
14. What
are the advantages of problem analysis and algorithm design over directly
writing a program in a high-level language?
15. Design
an algorithm to find the weighted average of four test scores. The four test
scores and their respective weights are given in the following format:
testscore1 weight1
...
For example, sample data is as
follows:
75 0.20
95 0.35
85 0.15
65 0.30
16. Design
an algorithm to convert the change given in quarters, dimes, nickels, and
pennies into pennies.
17. Given
the radius, in inches, and price of a pizza, design an algorithm to find the
price of the pizza per square inch.
18. A
salesperson leaves his home every Monday and returns every Friday. He travels
by company car. Each day on the road, the salesperson records the amount of
gasoline put in the car. Given the starting odometer reading (that is, the
odometer reading before he leaves on Monday) and the ending odometer reading
(the odometer reading after he returns home on Friday), design an algorithm to
find the average miles per gallon. Sample data is as follows:
68723 71289 15.75
16.30 10.95 20.65 30.00
19. To
make a profit, the prices of the items sold in a furniture store are marked up
by 60%. Design an algorithm to find the selling price of an item sold at the
furniture store. What information do you need to find the selling price?
20. Suppose
a, b, and c denote the lengths of the sides of a triangle. Then the area of
the triangle can be calculated using the formula:
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
sðs _ aÞðs _ bÞðs _ cÞ
p
; where
s = (1/2)(a + b + c). Design an algorithm that uses this formula to find the
area of a triangle. What information do you need to find the area?
21. Suppose
that the cost of sending an international fax is calculated as follows:
Service charges
$3.00;
$.20 per page for the first 10 pages; and $0.10
for each additional page. Design an algorithm that asks the user to enter the
number of pages to be faxed. The algorithm then uses the number of pages to be
faxed to calculate the amount due.
22. An
ATM allows a customer to withdraw a maximum of $500
per day. If a customer withdraws more than
$300,
the service charge is 4% of the amount over
$300.
If the customer does not have sufficient money in the account, the
ATM informs the
customer about the insufficient fund and gives the option to withdraw the money
for a service charge of
$25.00.
If there is no money in the account or if the account balance is negative, the
ATM does not allow the customer to withdraw any money. If the amount to be
withdrawn is greater than
$500,
the ATM informs the customer about the maximum amount that can be withdrawn.
Write an algorithm that allows the customer to enter the amount to be
withdrawn. The algorithm then checks the total amount in the account, dispenses
the money to the customer, and debits the account by the amount withdrawn and
the service charges, if any.
23. You
are given a list of students’ names and their test scores. Design an algorithm
that does the following:
a. Calculates
the average test scores.
b. Determines
and prints the names of all the students whose test scores are below the
average test score.
c. Determines
the highest test score.
d. Prints
the names of all the students whose test scores are the same as the highest
test score.
(You must divide this problem into
subproblems as follows: The first subproblem determines the average test score.
The second subproblem determines and prints the names of all the students whose
test scores are below the average test score. The third subproblem determines
the highest test score. The fourth subproblem prints the names of all the
students whose test scores are the same as the highest test score. The main
algorithm combines the solutions of the subproblems.)
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